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Option three: economic retaliation
This option carries risks. Europe would need to convince Trump that it is prepared to follow through, something many fear may be difficult given past hesitations. Still, trade leverage remains one of the bloc’s strongest non-military instruments.
Option four: physical deterrence
The most extreme scenario involves deploying European forces to Greenland at Denmark’s request. While no one believes European troops could stop a U.S. invasion outright, their presence could raise the political and moral cost of any military action.
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