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Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol): Comes mainly from plants and fungi.
Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol): Produced by the skin when exposed to the sun and is found in some animal foods. It is the most effective form of increasing vitamin D levels in the body.
4. Roles of Vitamin D in the Body
Vitamin D plays a crucial role in several bodily functions:
Bone health: It promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the gut, which is essential for building and maintaining strong bones.
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Reduced risk of certain diseases: Studies suggest that vitamin D may play a role in preventing diseases such as heart disease, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
5. Vitamin D deficiency Vitamin D
deficiency can lead to significant health problems, such as:
Osteoporosis and rickets: Children can develop rickets, a condition that causes soft, deformed bones. In adults, a deficiency can lead to osteoporosis, a fragility of the bones.
Muscle problems and chronic pain: A deficiency can cause muscle pain, weakness and cramps.
Depression: Some researchers believe that vitamin D deficiency may be linked to depression, especially during the winter months when there is less sunlight.
6. Excess vitamin D
Although rare, excess vitamin D (hypervitaminosis D) can be toxic. This can cause calcium to build up in the blood, which can damage the kidneys and heart. Excess vitamin D is usually caused by excessive consumption of supplements rather than overexposure to the sun.
Symptoms of hypervitaminosis D include nausea, vomiting, weakness, bone pain, and impaired kidney function.
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