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As global instability dominates international headlines and the United States adopts an increasingly assertive posture on the world stage, a somber question from the mid-twentieth century has resurfaced in the American consciousness: who would be called to serve if a major conflict necessitated the reinstatement of the draft? While the United States has maintained an all-volunteer force for over half a century, the legal and administrative infrastructure of the Selective Service System remains a dormant but fully functional engine, ready to be ignited by an act of Congress and a presidential signature.
Under current federal law, nearly all male U.S. citizens and male immigrants—regardless of their legal status—are mandated to register with the Selective Service within a thirty-day window of their eighteenth birthday. While the system allows for late registration until a man turns twenty-six, the consequences of non-compliance are severe. Failing to register is a felony punishable by a fine of up to $250,000 and five years in federal prison. Beyond these legal penalties, a failure to register can result in a lifetime of bureaucratic hurdles, including being barred from federal student aid, government-sponsored job training, and many public-sector careers. For immigrants, it can lead to a five-year delay in citizenship proceedings. This registration serves as the master list from which a future draft would be drawn.
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