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• Basmati rice (long-grain)

• Water

• Whole spices (bay leaves, cloves, cardamom, cinnamon)

• Salt

For the Biryani Base

• Onions (thinly sliced)

• Tomatoes

• Green chilies

• Fresh herbs (cilantro and mint)

• Cooking oil or ghee

Optional Enhancements

• Saffron soaked in warm milk

• Fried onions

• Rose water or kewra water

Each ingredient plays a vital role in building the final flavor profile.